How to implement industrial ecology (IE), which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as well as energy and natural resources consumption?
CMMS: what is its role within the company?
How does CMMS software adapt to a company's changing needs? Companies are even now looking for new innovative and comprehensive solutions to satisfy their present and future needs.
Cosmetics industry: which CMMS experience?
How is a CMMS crucial in the cosmetics industry? What needs does it meet? Jérôme, Manager in a leading cosmetics group, agreed to answer our questions.
Maintenance and industrial lubricant
What is the role of lubrication in industrial maintenance? What are the benefits to the company? FUCHS and Mobility Work answer your questions.
Industrial procurement: goals and challenges
What role does Procurement play in the industry? From resource management to supplier relationship, all you need to know about a strategic function.
Data sharing: what are the prospects for the supply chain?
Sharing information between each link in the supply chain (SC) is a major lever for performance and competitiveness. How can companies benefit from data sharing?
CMMS: benefits for the cosmetics industry
How does implementing CMMS software within the cosmetics industry guarantee sustainable production and simplify the work of industrial maintenance teams?
Sourcing: choosing the right industrial supplier
Given the rapid evolution in production needs, finding the right vendor at the right moment is a key strategic issue. How can you improve your sourcing and supply chain management?
Predictive Maintenance: How To Implement It?
Predictive maintenance is an industrial technique that consists in using different tools and techniques to monitor the state of a plant's machines.
CMMS: a new solution at Engie-Axima
Pierre-Etienne Lebeau, method and expertise referent within Engie (French electric utility group), talks about his experience with the CMMS Mobility Work.
Procurement strategy: definition and applications
Traditionally, the procurement function’s main role is to ensure that all raw materials required for the production are available. As the structure of the supply chain evolves, buyers take on new responsibilities. How should companies plan their procurement strategy?
CMMS: what does it mean for your company?
Faced with increasingly tighter deadlines and higher quality standards, factories are turning towards 4.0 CMMS solutions to stay competitive.
SCM: definition and application
Why should you invest in Supply Chain Management? SCM helps organizations get the best of their supply chain and protect themselves from markets hazards.
CMMS: definition and application
If they want to assert their presence on the market and stand our from their competitors, industries must deploy a CMMS. But what is it about?
Procurement, a key player in the production chain?
Caught between seeking better performance and lower costs, how can the procurement function support the production chain's workflow and activities?
Procurement, a new driver for innovation?
Far from the image of the cost-killer, the Procurement function reveals its importance in the strategy of continuous improvement and innovation for companies of the industrial sector.
CMMS: Mobility Work at Peugeot Japy Technologies
Testimony at Peugeot Japy Technologies: "Since the implementation of the CMMS, I undoubtedly noticed that my everyday life at work has been enhanced!"
WCM, CMMS, Autonomous Maintenance: the Key to Success?
Maintenance management: what are the secrets of companies which, thanks to WCM (World Class Manufacturing), became amazingly successful?
Supply chain: a key challenge in risk management?
Risk management is a real challenge for supply chain actors. How to ensure the smooth running of its activities? Here are some tips for developing a risk management strategy that is tailored to your needs.
UX Series: Mobility Work Hub at FUCHS
Innovation, development and customer relations: Loïc Bébin, Grease Product Manager at FUCHS Lubrifiant France, shares his experience with the platform Mobility Work Hub.
SRM strategies: how to deal with industrial suppliers?
You may be familiar with the Purchasing function, but have you ever heard of SRM? This new approach to supplier relationship management has overturned industry codes for several years. How to understand this new trend and integrate it into your company's strategy?
RCM: definition and how to successfully implement it
Reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) is an industrial maintenance technique based on the analysis of system functions, consequences and failure modes of process assemblies or components.
Digital twins and predictive maintenance: the winning combo?
Digital twins are the exact replica - in digital format - of a process, designed with a modeling software and can be use for predictive maintenance.
CMMS Software: Mobility Work at Vallourec
Barthélémy Longueville and Manuel Pinto gave us a two-part interview on the deployment of Mobility Work next-gen CMMS at Vallourec, the world leader in premium tubular solutions.
My maintenance career #6: the agri-food industry
Industrial maintenance offers a wide range of career perspectives. The sector is looking for motivated people willing to invest and integrate into teams, and who can then easily evolve within the plant.
Predictive Maintenance : Just Another Buzzword?
Predictive maintenance : impossible to ignore the current possibility of purchasing sensors at favourable prices and connecting them to your machines.
Improve your airport maintenance with your CMMS
Like industrial equipment or facility management, airports require tailor-made maintenance management due to their complexity.
Preventive Maintenance : 6 Elements of a Successful Program
Preventive maintenance involves the maintenance of organizational assets in order to maintain them in optimal operating conditions.
My maintenance career #5: the automotive industry
In this new episode dedicated to maintenance careers, you can read the testimony of Didier, maintenance mechanic. He looks back at the developments in the automotive industry over the course of his thirty-year career.
Predictive Maintenance : How to Beat Machine Failures ?
Predictive maintenance has now been imposed on many industries as a key tool, it's essential for the efficiency of lean manufacturing.
Supply Chain 4.0 and industry of the future
Supply Chain 4.0: The Progressive Transition of the Industry of the Future, or Industry 4.0, Delivers the Promise of a More Flexible Organization
Predictive Maintenance : 3 Questions You Should Ask
Predictive maintenance : Maximize equipment utilization, operational cost and teams’ productivity through machine data thanks to industry 4.0
Maintenance manager : Job fact sheet #2
For this second episode of our serie "Job Fact Sheet", we talked with Eric François about his experience as a maintenance manager, and the specificities of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines and the challenges they pose.
My maintenance career #4: Julien Audrain
Julien Audrain, who works as a Maintenance methods technician in Brittany, tells us about his background and the advantages of apprenticeship to enter the employment market.
Preventive Maintenance : 5 Best Practices
Designing and later on implementing a good preventive maintenance program is one of the most challenging areas of maintenance management.
TPM and Industrial Maintenance: examples & definition
TPM strives to achieve a continuous production cycle without any breakdowns by maintaining and improving the integrity of production and quality systems.
CMMS : optimize the work of the night shift
Deployment of Mobile CMMS at Peugeot Japy Technologies For this episode, we interviewed David Roth, who works a night shift as a maintenance technician.
CMMS : 5 Best Arguments to Improve Your Team Management
5 undeniable benefits of a smart CMMS Software for maintenance professionals that you can use to easily convince your team
My career in the industry: Mehdi Tamim
Mobility Work is putting industrial careers into the spotlights! Mehdi Tamim talks about the link between industrial design and maintenance, and remember the early beginnings of Mobility Work next-gen CMMS.
Facility Management Software : Mobility Work at the LOSC
Mr Delplanque, maintenance manager at the Domaine de Luchin, training center of the LOSC Lille football team, works with our facility management software.
Industry 4.0: a digital transformation in 4 steps
As new technological challenges arise, organizations find innovative solutions in Industry 4.0. Between Big Data and artificial intelligence, what is the future of industrial maintenance?
Stock Management Software and CMMS
Stock management is a component of a successful business as it ensures continuous improvement in productivit with the right inventory software.
Systematic Preventive Maintenance: Definition and Objectives
How to manage, plan and easily track systematic preventive maintenance interventions for your maintenance department in your cmms software?
Next Gen CMMS : How To Create Equipment Fast and Easy
The creation of equipment/spare part still remains a difficult step in the setup and deployment of a Next-Gen CMMS software.
CMMS : Reduce Maintenance Costs and Improve Reliability
Why choose a flexible CMMS 4.0 solution that adapts to your company's ever-changing needs ?
Types of Maintenance : 5 definitions You Should Know
Types of maintenance : Corrective, preventive, condition-based, predictive... What type of maintenance should a company implement in order to achieve its goals and how can a CMMS be useful?
Enhance manufacturers’ competitiveness thanks to industry 4.0
To what extent does helping equipment or consumables manufacturers enhance their competitiveness undeniably benefits a whole industry, and specifically companies’ purchasing departments?
Preventive maintenance of hydraulic equipment
Review some good first-level maintenance practices to be implemented and precautions to be taken into account when working on hydraulic equipment.
Next-Gen CMMS for Better Automated System Troubleshooting
Here are several methods that when combined with your CMMS data can help you better manage automated system troubleshooting.
CMMS : The Short History of the Software Evolution
CMMS & History : The following 6 levels of industrial maintenance maturity will help you evaluate the state of your daily maintenance management.
CMMS Software in the urban transport industry
Jean-Luc Bruno, who has been working with a CMMS for more than 40 years, agreed to tell us more about the maintenance needs in the transport industry.
CMMS and Production: what possible interactions?
Review the possibilities offered by a CMMS 4.0 and the consequences of its implementation on the production management of your company.
CMMS : How to deploy it throughout my entire industrial group?
CMMS Deployment: Implementing and harmonizing multi-site maintenance practices and tools is a significant challenge.
Mobile CMMS : 4 Good Reasons to Trust Mobility Work’s Mobile App
A mobile CMMS makes it possible to obtain more precision and to gain speed in the context of production and to improve communication.
Mobility Work and the culture for change
Fabien Thomas, teaching at École Centrale Nantes, a leading French Engineering school, explains why Mobility Work helps developing a culture for change as well as new perspectives.
Preventive maintenance : 3 steps to improve your management
Before deploying condition-monitoring techniques and daring to go further, every organization should ensure the establishment of preventive maintenance
Lean manufacturing : Avoid the 7 Wastes
Lean Manufacturing: One of the main goals of a planned maintenance routine and the TPM is to completely reduce the 7 wastes.
CMMS: Mobility Work at Axéréal
Mr Debert is using Mobile CMMS on a daily basis. User-friendliness, time savings and reactivity: according to him, the 4.0 software delivers its promises.
CMMS Software: Daily deployment
Yakub Pehlivan, in charge of the deployment of CMMS Mobility Work, talks about the integration of the tool within the teams.
Maintenance KPIs : How to Set the Right indactor in Your CMMS?
Monitoring maintenance KPIs in your CMMS ( maintenance management software ) can help you identify and prioritize your business objectives
4.0 CMMS : SMEs to enter the industry of the future
Conventional CMMS software don't address companies' needs anymore. If they want to enter the 4.0 industry, these companies have to opt for a 4.0 CMMS
Electrical accidents: limiting risks thanks to your CMMS
Mitigating the risks of electrical accidents starts with the proper maintenance of all electrical equipment. A next-gen CMMS is what you need to guide you through this process.
CMMS Software : Example of deployment in a factory
Deployment of the CMMS application within the PJT plant. Learn how to implement the software and discover some of our advice to be prepared.
Facility management: improve the safety of your factory
Facility management: improve the security of your factory standardize all processes and procedures within your CMMS software.
Industrial Maintenance of Onshore and Offshore Wind Turbines
Predictive and prescriptive industrial maintenance routines might be the right answer to the sector’s challenges
Predictive Maintenance : Already Out-of-date?
Prescriptive maintenance is the expected final development of predictive maintenance routines and for now is considered for the last milestone in the evolution of maintenance.
Industrial maintenance: history and evolution
Good management of industrial maintenance is an important performance factor and a source of quick profits within the company.
Women in Industrial Maintenance
According to the French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies, only 30% of the industrial sector’s positions are held by women. Nonetheless, during the past few years, they progressively imposed themselves in certain specific areas, including industrial maintenance.
Maintenance methods engineer : testimony
Marc-Antoine Talva, Mobility Work’s CEO, tells us about his education as a maintenance methods engineer at Centrale Nantes, and in particular about his apprenticeship.
Mobile CMMS software at Danone
Franck Maillot, Engineering and Maintenance Manager at Danone Waters, explains how they connected SAP PM and their Mobile CMMS software.
Facility Management: why is a CMMS important for your company?
Facility management is a milestone in the successful functioning of any organization. Thus it is important to know its role and that its proper establishment has a great impact on business.
CMMS: Mobility Work at Carambar & Co
Mr Boudes, a maintenance manager at Carambar & Co., agreed to talk about key steps, challenges and benefits associated with the implementation of CMMS
Industrial Maintenance Best Practices
The main goal of industrial maintenance is to keep all plant’s assets in good condition and this at the lowest possible cost. The production quality of an organization depends on the availability and reliability of the equipment.
CMMS Software at Lipotec | Mobility Work
Joaquín Guimerá is a maintenance and engineering manager at Lipotec. He agreed to share with us his experience of his remote deployment of Mobility Work CMMS.
CMMS: Choosing The Right Software For A Successful Tool Management
A successful tool management is a major issue for every plant. Choosing a next-gen CMMS enhances the entire production line.
ERP & CMMS Software Interface: Testimony
More and more simple, affordable and user-friendly business applications in SaaS mode are emerging, which will allow you to easily connect your ERP to other more flexible, customer-oriented tools.
Fundamental Electrical Formulas for Safer Industrial Maintenance Routines
As a vital part of a successful industrial maintenance program, electrical equipment maintenance is of crucial importance for the plant’s safety.
Why Your Roofing Company Needs a CMMS?
Installation, maintenance, and repair of roof require a lot of planning and work. The roof is expected to perform more than its basic function to better serve customers, the environment, and the community.
Maintenance Engineering Technician: Job Fact Sheet n°1
To start our new series dedicated to maintenance careers, learn about the maintenance engineering technician, the technical asset of the maintenance service.
CMMS : Improved Agriculture and Farming Maintenance
A reliable CMMS plays a crucial role in the agricultural sector ensuring that all machines are working properly.
Service Providers : How To Better Manage Them
Service prodivders - One thing is clear: many companies still are afraid to work with subcontractors for many reasons. Why are they often so reluctant?
Maintenance 4.0 : How To Improve Manufacturing Processes
With the help of maintenance 4.0 solutions, Spartacus3D created LETo, a metal additive manufactured robotic clamp presenting technical characteristics.
CMMS: Help, I Bought The Wrong Maintenance Software
CMMS: Marc-Antoine tells us more about his experience in the industrial maintenance world and explains how the idea to create Mobility Work came out.
Maintenance method tool: 8 techniques to know
TPM method, PDCA, Ishikawa diagram, Five WS, Kaizen, Pareto, ABC anlysis, etc. How to best choose the most relevant maintenance tools for your company?
Asset Management Software : Mobility Work at Setforge L'Horme
As an early user of Mobility Work CMMS, an asset management software, he agreed to look back over the product's evolution over the years.
CMMS : An Overview of My Previous Maintenance Software
Classical CMMS-software don't entirely meet companies' needs anymore. To achieve a successful equipment maintenance, they need to opt for brand new models!
Predictive Maintenance : Benefits in The Oil and Gas Industry
The latest digital trends along with predictive maintenance in industrial equipment maintenance allow manufacturers to streamline maintenance in the oil and gas industry.
Maintenance engineer : #2: Frédéric Lefresne
Frédéric Lefresne, maintenance engineer, tells us more about his educational background and his perception of industrial maintenance.
Bottlenecks in Industrial Maintenance
Knowing how critical every piece of equipment is at your plant will help you identify potential bottlenecks. These are highly critical assets.
Industrial maintenance: Towards an uberisation of the industry
Today, CMMS tools have become essential, yet the industrial maintenance world is hardly changing and needs to modernize. Do we have to think the whole field over?
CMMS: Maintenance Management To Interconnected Departments
Mobile CMMS Software gives the possibility to its customers to innovate and to put information at the heart of theira company.
Industrial Maintenance Contracts: Definition And Tips
An industrial maintenance contract is an agreement between several parties governing the professional relationships between a customer and a service provider.
Certification and maintenance audit thanks to your CMMS
CMMS software helps maintenance professionals to track their standards in order to pass an audit or certification.
Machining maintenance manager : Anthony Blanchard
Machining maintenance manager : In this first episode, Anthony Blanchard, CMMS supervisor at FMGC shares his experience with Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL).
Mobile CMMS Software at Saint Gobain Sekurit
Dominique Domas is an International Reliability Manager in Saint Gobain Sekurit International. He agreed to tell us about the first stages of the deployment of Mobility Work within the group, and to talk about his objectives in order to standardize good maintenance practices.
Industrial maintenance forum : Community and discussion groups
Industrial maintenance forum : Mobility Work is the first maintenance social network, and to offer more than a simple CMMS software.
Pareto and CMMS: Towards an evolution of maintenance analysis
The objective of Pareto is to classify the maintenance interventions according to their number, then to rank them all in your CMMS software.
EAM Software : Implementing and setting up Mobility Work CMMS
EAM Software : Mobility Work is a cloud-based SaaS CMMS . Its implemention does not require any IT intervention, neither does it require any particular infrastructure.
CMMS Software : Mobility Work at Sarplast
Hervé Vourron is a production manager at Sarplast. He witnessed the early development of our CMMS software and is now a convinced client.
CMMS Software : Payback, ROI and Benefits
This is the actual question asked by every decision-maker in every company before purchasing and implementing a CMMS software: what is the cost, and what will be the advantages for the company?
How Does the 1st Maintenance Social Network and CMMS Benefit Suppliers?
Discover Mobility Work Hub, the 1st industrial solution dedicated to suppliers, manufacturers and service providers!
CMMS : Is The Term Still Topical?
Are the profound transformations triggered by the emergence of industry 4.0 calling into question the use of the term “CMMS”?
Next-Gen CMMS Is Coming to Food and Beverage Manufacturing
A computerized maintenance management system, deployed at a food processing plant should adhere to strict standards.
CMMS :5 Keys to Choose Your Software
Mobility Work’s philosophy, which is very different from other CMMS editors, is to accompany you throughout your project and transition to maintenance 4.0.
CMMS Software: Mobility Work at Bericap
Hubert Marion is a maintenance manager at Bericap France. Convinced to join the next gen maintenance management platform by one of his colleagues, he kindly agreed to talk about his personal experience with Mobility Work CMMS.
CMMS Software : 5 Keys to Improve Your Equipment Management
We are used to very simple tools in our daily lives, so why would the creation of a piece of equipment be more complicated than publishing an add on an e-commerce website?
Mobile CMMS Software : 4 main Benefits
Mobile CMMS which has become a topic of concern for an increasing number of companies, is part of a digitalization approach of the plant: industry 4.0.
Industry 4.0 CMMS: Future Maintenance Is Happening Now
The industry 4.0 CMMS can be easily integrated in the context of the IoT, cloud and cognitive computing to become an indispensable part of the smart factory.
Maintenance process : How to improve the safety using your CMMS?
The maintenance sector has undergone profound changes in the past few years, and is now considered as a cornerstone of the industrial activity and productivity.
Maintenance and Equipment Life Cycle
The CMMS aims at being at the heart of the information of your plant, and has to allow you to gather all the information linked to the equipment life cycle in a single software.
Predictive Maintenance Fundamentals
The core idea of predictive maintenance is to predict when equipment failure might occur based on condition-monitoring data.
CMMS : Mobility Work at FMGC
CMMS : Being an early adopter of the next gen maintenance management platform Mobility Work, Anthony Leparoux kindly agreed to talk about our solution.
CMMS: How to Choose the Right software for Your Organization?
Implementing the right CMMS would significantly improve and radically change the maintenance management at your facility towards a cheaper, more effective and more efficient approach.
Railway Maintenance and CMMS Software
Railway Maintenance : Realizing the power of digitization, more and more railway companies tend to turn to modern technologies ( CMMS Software )
Assets Geolocation and Mobile CMMS
CMMS Software offers customers geolocation of their equipment and spare parts. It manages asset tracking to optimize maintenance performance.
Preventive Maintenance: a Main Preventive Replacement Strategy
Preventive maintenance objective is to repair or replace of a piece of equipment before its expected failure point defined by the manufacturer or by data analysis.
Mobile CMMS for Fast and Easy Document Management
Mobile CMMS Software streamlines document management and helps users to find all requested information immediately by scanning the RFID.
IoT and CMMS: The New Competitive Advantage
Mobility Work flexible CMMS enormously supports and eases the integration of IoT at a facility. Sensor-collected data can rapidly be integrated and analyzed.
CMMS software : Simplify your new construction team's job
CMMS Software allows New contruction teams to assign companies per project, control their maintenance planning and above all calculate the amount of needed intervention hours.
CMMS & ERP easy integration and interface of your software
CMMS and ERP: Most professionals know that integrating them in one system results in enormous benefits. But how exactly to successfully connect your new CMMS to your running ERP?
CMMS : Migration of your equipment in your software in 7 days
Migrating the right data in the right way is of critical importance for the proper functioning of a CMMS. But what data should you migrate and how much will it cost?
Predictive maintenance & CMMS : Get the best out of it
Combining predictive maintenance and CMMS in one seamless system helps you anticipate when your equipment would start breaking down and boost the effectiveness of your maintenance.
Predictive Maintenance VS Preventive Maintenance
Predictive Maintenance VS Preventive Maintenance: Choosing the right equipment maintenance approach depends a lot on your budget and the size of your business.
Spare parts : 3 steps for improved your management
Spare parts : Identifying the criticality of assets and applying some preventive maintenance techniques are the three basic steps that you can undertake to improve your maintenance
Spare parts : how to improve research?
Fast and easy access to millions of spare parts available online on official catalogues, Amazon, eBay through your CMMS Mobility Work. We will soon launch an online purchase option.
Equipment maintenance vocabulary : A search for clarity
Every experienced maintenance professional has an opinion regarding the meaning of terms and definitions. The maintenance world is very far from having a universal agreement.
CMMS: SPIE professional evaluates Mobility Work
Michel Huet, SPIE Site Manager: Mobility Work is the most timesaving CMMS I have ever used. SPIE is internationally recognized for its high standards and extensive knowledge.
CMMS, SMBs and Industrial maintenance
CMMS have been booming for the past few years, which increasingly caught the attention of SMBs and international groups from different sectors.
Spare parts management: tips for better management
Integrating your spare parts inventory into your CMMS software will help you easier carry out the Japanese-based “5S” methodology for lean manufacturing.
CMMS Software : Setforge Near Net Has Adopted Mobility Work
Aurélien Deutsch, Maintenance Manager at Setforge Near Net: “This is the easiest and most efficient CMMS I have ever used”. SNN is a subsidiary of Farinia Group.
CMMS Software : Mobility Work at Setforge BDI
David Deschamps, Maintenance Manager at Setforge BDI: “Our CMMS Enables the Most Efficient Data Management”. Setforge BDI is a subsidiary of Farinia Group.
Predictive Maintenance: Expensive, but Worth It
Compared to predictive maintenance which is planned, predictive maintenance predicts a potential failure before it occurs by monitoring the machine during normal operating condition.
Technical Maintenance: How to make the right decision?
It is not always an easy task for a technical maintenance service to make the right decision. Check Mobility Work most precious tips for optimized maintenance routine.
CNC : Eliminating Following Error by Identifying Backlash
Following error, also called axis-positioning error appears occasionally on CNC (Computerized Numerical Control) software as Num, Ge Fanuc, Heidenhain.
CMMS : My maintenance service without any asset software
CMMS: It is very difficult for a company which does not own any asset management software to take the right decisions and to improve its maintenance management.
CMMS: Which challenges for your maintenance service?
The analytics tool of the CMMS Mobility Work allows the manager to take the right decisions regarding the maintenance tasks to carry out on each equipment.
How to invest in the right equipment ?
You have to invest in a new piece of equipment, but how to take the right decision knowing that certain investments can reach up to several million euros?
Lubrication and greasing: working principle
Lubrication and greasing is a process which aims at reducing friction between two moving pieces by injecting a fluid or grease to separate them. Lubrication has many advantages.
Industrial maintenance key factors to a better management
Industrial maintenance aims at the following objectives: maximum equipment availability and risks reduction. Its targets spans volume production increase.
Maintenance levels : 5 corrective and preventive to know
A better knowledge of the different maintenance levels will enable you to manage better your interventions on your industrial equipment.
Toyota forklift main issues
There are many TOYOTA forklifts within the Mobiliy Work community. The ones which require most maintenance are 45-027FD45, TYS 35, 45-427FD40, 528FDJF35 and 7FBEF18.
Predictive maintenance: 8 Keys to a Successful Implementation
Predictive maintenance is carried out according to extrapolated forecasts resulting from the evaluation of significant equipment degradation parameters.
Technical Maintenance: Time and Staff Optimization Analysis
Developing a technical maintenance model to improve operational efficiency is of critical importance for every successful plant or manufacturing unit.
ABB Robots main issues
ABB robots main issues. Thanks to the Mobility-Work community, 12000 hours of maintenance work has been performed on this type of equipment.
Preventive maintenance or preventative maintenance (PM)
Preventive maintenance or preventative maintenance (PM) is planned technical maintenance, performed regularly at predetermined intervals.
Autonomous Maintenance: 5 Steps to Successful Implementation
Autonomous maintenance (AM) is performed by the operators and not by dedicated maintenance technicians. It is a crucial component of the TPM.